What is a subject matter?

What is subject matter in literature?

In literature, the subject matter refers to the specific topic, theme, or subject that a literary work explores or focuses on. It is the main idea or central theme around which the plot, characters, and events of the story revolve. The subject matter is what the author intends to convey or communicate to the reader through the narrative.

Read also: How to analyze a poem

Types of subject matter:

Literature has the ability to transport readers to many worlds, arouse emotions, and compel in-depth reflection on the human condition. However, at the heart of every literary work lies its subject matter, the central theme that provides the foundation for the narrative. From the soaring heights of romance to the dark corners of conflict, the types of subject matter in literature are as diverse as the imaginations of the authors who pen them.

. Love and Relationships: One of the most enduring and popular subject matters in literature is love. Whether it’s the intoxicating passion of a newfound romance or the steadfast bond between family members, literature explores the intricacies of human relationships. From Shakespeare’s timeless tragedies of star-crossed lovers to Jane Austen’s insightful commentary on societal expectations in romance, this subject matter resonates deeply with readers across generations.

2. War and Conflict: The human experience is also marked by moments of strife and turmoil, and literature bravely confronts these aspects through war and conflict narratives. These stories shed light on the harrowing impact of war on individuals and societies, exploring themes of loss, heroism, trauma, and the cost of violence. From epic tales of ancient battles to contemporary reflections on modern warfare, this subject matter offers profound insights into the human condition.

3. Adventure and Quests: Journeys of adventure and quests have captivated readers since time immemorial. These narratives follow brave protagonists as they embark on thrilling escapades, often leading to personal growth and self-discovery. Classic examples include J.R.R. Tolkien’s “The Lord of the Rings,” where the fate of the world hangs on a perilous journey, and Mark Twain’s “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,” which explores the voyage of a young boy seeking freedom.

4. Social Issues: Literature has long been a platform for exploring and criticizing social issues. Authors use their works to shed light on inequalities, injustices, and the struggles faced by marginalized groups. From Charles Dickens’ exposé of the plight of the poor in Victorian England to contemporary works addressing race, gender, and identity, this subject matter serves as a powerful catalyst for societal change and empathy.

5. Morality and Ethics: The moral dilemmas faced by characters are a fascinating subject matter in literature. These stories delve into questions of right and wrong, exploring the consequences of characters’ choices. Authors often use these narratives to examine the complexities of human behavior and the consequences of our actions on ourselves and others.

6. Psychological Exploration: The human mind is a treasure trove of intrigue, and literature often delves into the labyrinth of human psychology. Authors use this subject matter to explore characters’ thoughts, emotions, and motivations, unraveling the depths of the human psyche. Works like Fyodor Dostoevsky’s “Crime and Punishment” and Virginia Woolf’s “Mrs. Dalloway” are prime examples of how literature can provide profound insights into the human mind.

7. Fantasy and Supernatural: For those seeking to escape the bounds of reality, the realms of fantasy and the supernatural beckon. This subject matter weaves magical elements, mythical creatures, and otherworldly settings into mesmerizing tales of imagination. From the epic fantasy worlds of J.K. Rowling’s “Harry Potter” to the haunting spirits in Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s “One Hundred Years of Solitude,” these stories transport readers to extraordinary realms.

8. Science Fiction: In contrast to fantasy, science fiction is grounded in scientific possibilities and futurism. It speculates on the impact of technology, space exploration, and scientific advancements on humanity and society. Authors like Isaac Asimov, Arthur C. Clarke, and Philip K. Dick have shaped the genre, introducing readers to futuristic worlds and thought-provoking concepts.

9. Historical Events and Settings: History is a vast repository of inspiration for literature, providing authors with real events and settings to create captivating stories. These works transport readers to different eras, allowing them to experience the past through the eyes of fictional characters. Authors like Leo Tolstoy, with “War and Peace,” and Toni Morrison, with “Beloved,” have skillfully incorporated historical contexts to enrich their narratives.

10. Mystery and Suspense: For readers who love the thrill of the unknown, mystery and suspense are a favorite subject matter. These stories keep readers on the edge of their seats as they unravel puzzles, secrets, and unexpected twists. Mystery classics like Agatha Christie’s detective novels and Arthur Conan Doyle’s “Sherlock Holmes” stories are enduring examples of this gripping genre.

11. Nature and Environment: Literature often explores humanity’s relationship with the natural world and the environment. From the idyllic landscapes of pastoral poetry to dystopian tales of ecological disaster, this subject matter prompts readers to reflect on their connection to nature and the impact of environmental changes.

12. Identity and Self-Discovery: The quest for identity and self-discovery is a universal human theme, and literature frequently examines this subject matter. These narratives follow characters on journeys of introspection, cultural exploration, and understanding their place in the world. Works like James Baldwin’s “Go Tell It on the Mountain” and Jhumpa Lahiri’s “The Namesake” beautifully encapsulate the complexities of identity.

13. Reflections on Life and Death: Literature grapples with the profound questions of life, death, and the meaning of existence. These works often contemplate mortality, the passage of time, and the human quest for purpose and immortality. From the philosophical musings of Albert Camus’ “The Stranger” to the poetic reflections of Emily Dickinson, this subject matter invites readers to ponder the mysteries of life.

Functions of subject matter in literature

The subject matter in literature serves several essential functions that contribute to the overall depth and impact of a literary work. These functions are crucial in shaping the narrative, conveying meaning, and engaging readers on various levels. Here are the key functions of subject matter in literature:

1. Conveying Themes and Messages: The subject matter forms the core of the literary work and often embodies the central themes and messages that the author wishes to communicate. Whether it’s love, war, identity, or social justice, the subject matter becomes a vehicle for expressing the author’s thoughts, emotions, and perspectives on specific issues or aspects of human existence.

2. Providing a Framework for Plot and Character Development: The subject matter provides a framework for the plot and character development. It determines the events and conflicts that characters will face, shaping their motivations, decisions, and interactions. For example, a subject matter centered around a quest for justice might lead characters on a journey of moral exploration and growth.

3. Engaging Readers’ Emotions and Empathy: Well-chosen subject matter has the power to evoke strong emotions in readers. Whether it’s joy, sorrow, fear, or anger, a compelling subject matter can resonate with readers on a personal level, encouraging them to empathize with the characters and their experiences.

4. Reflecting the Human Condition: Subject matter in literature often reflects the universal aspects of the human condition. It explores the challenges, triumphs, struggles, and complexities that humans face in their lives. By doing so, it allows readers to see themselves and others in the characters and situations depicted in the story.

5. Stimulating Thought and Contemplation: Through diverse subject matters, literature prompts readers to think deeply and critically about various aspects of life. It raises questions, presents dilemmas, and encourages reflection on moral, ethical, and philosophical issues.

6. Offering Escapism and Entertainment: Subject matter can offer readers an escape from their daily lives, providing a means to enter different worlds and experience thrilling adventures, magical realms, or even historical epochs. Such escapism can provide entertainment and relaxation, making literature an enjoyable pastime.

7. Encouraging Social Awareness and Change: Literature that addresses social issues through its subject matter can raise awareness about societal challenges and injustices. It has the potential to inspire readers to take action, advocate for change, and engage in conversations about important topics.

8. Showcasing Cultural and Historical Contexts: Subject matter often reflects the cultural, historical, and societal contexts in which the literary work is created. It can serve as a lens through which readers gain insight into different periods, cultures, and traditions.

9. Fostering Connection and Empathy: When readers encounter subject matters that resonate with their own experiences, they can feel a sense of connection with the characters and the story. This connection fosters empathy and understanding for others’ perspectives and life circumstances.

10. Contributing to the Aesthetics of the Work: The subject matter plays a role in shaping the tone, mood, and overall aesthetics of the literary work. It influences the language, imagery, and symbolism used by the author, enhancing the overall artistic expression.

Is subject matter a topic?

Yes, subject matter can be considered as a topic. In the context of literature, the subject matter refers to the specific theme or central idea that a literary work revolves around. It is the main topic that the author explores and conveys through the narrative.

For example, if a novel’s subject matter is “love and relationships,” it means that the central theme of the story focuses on romantic love, familial relationships, friendships, or any other aspects related to human connections. In this case, “love and relationships” would be the topic that the author addresses and develops throughout the literary work.

In literary analysis and discussions, the subject matter or topic is a crucial element that helps readers understand the underlying themes and messages conveyed by the author. It provides a focal point for exploring the content, characters, and events within the story and allows for a deeper understanding of the work as a whole.

What is another word for subject matter?

Another word for subject matter is “theme.” In the context of literature, the theme refers to the main topic or central idea that the literary work explores and communicates. It represents the underlying message or insight that the author wants to convey to the readers through the narrative.

Just like subject matter, the theme is a fundamental element of literary analysis and critical interpretation. It helps readers understand the deeper meaning and significance of the work, as well as the author’s intentions and insights about the human experience or specific aspects of life.

For example, if the subject matter of a novel is “friendship,” the theme could be the importance of loyalty and trust among friends, or the transformative power of genuine connections between individuals. In this case, both “friendship” and the specific insights about it would be the subject matter and theme of the literary work, respectively.